Objectives: Tooth loss as a consequence of periodontal disease imposes a serious public-health concern. Association between magnesium and periodontitis was suggested by previous small clinical and animal studies. However, relevant clinical data are lacking. We investigated the association between magnesium status and periodontal health in a population-based analysis.

Methods: We conducted a cross sectional epidemiological investigation involving 4290 subjects aged 20 – 80 years who participated in the population-based SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania). Clinical, laboratory and anamnestic data were assessed to determinate the clinical and dental status in the general population. Periodontal risk factors were recorded in an extensive interview and questionnaire. In a matched pair study recruited from the SHIP population, 78 subjects using magnesium pharmaceuticals and 156 without were compared for periodontal parameters.

Results: In subjects 40 years and older, serum Mg/Ca was associated significantly with less periodontal disease. In multiple regression, this effect was controlled for the periodontal risk factors age, sex, smoking, education, and HbA1C. Increased Mg/Ca ratios were associated with reduced probing depth (p < 0.001), less attachment loss (p = 0.006) and an increased number of teeth (p = 0.005). Subjects taking Mg drugs showed 30 % less attachment loss > 4 mm (p < 0.01) and a higher number of remaining teeth than their matched counterparts.

Conclusions: Subnormal serum Mg/Ca ratios are associated with more severe signs of periodontal disease including increased tooth loss. Nutritional magnesium supplementation may improve the periodontal health.

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