Objectives: To evaluate the histological reactions caused in the connective tissue of rats by implantation of polyethylene tubes, containing a hydroxyapatite-based root canal sealer (Bioseal"). Methods: Twelve rats were used, in groups of 3 for periods of 2,10, 20 and 40 days. Each animal received two root canal sealer implantations placed in polyethylene tubes. Both sides of the tubes remained open, allowing tissue contact. Empty polyethylene tubes were utilized as controls. After removal of peri-implant tissues containing the test material, samples were fixed and histologically prepared for light microscope evaluation. Results: At each time period, the test material implantation was surrounded by a non-inflammatory connective tissue capsule, gradually increasing in thickness, by time. At 40 days, an advanced healing process was observed with signs of well-tolerated biocompatibility, free of chronic inflammation. In the control groups, histological evaluations revealed a mild acute inflammation and edema at days 2 and 10, replaced by a severe chronic inflammatory response at 40 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential use of the tested hydroxyapatite-based material as root canal sealer in vivo.

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