Objectives:The objective of this study was to analyze an important parameter of the biocompatibility evaluation, the inflammatory response, of three different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and two concentrations of chlorhexidine when injected into the subcutaneous tissues and the oral soft tissues of mice. Methods:One hundred and twenty mice were randomly divided in groups of ten animals each. There were five groups for every experimental period, the observation periods lasted 24, 48 hours. Each group received a 0.3mL intraoral and subcutaneous injection. Each group received either I) a solution of sodium hypochlorite 1%,3%,5,25% or II) a solution of chlorhexidine digluconate 0,12%, 0,2% respectively. The control groups received normal sterile solution.By the end of each period the tissue specimens were removed, and the state of surrounding tissue, the various types of inflammatory cells, and the vascular changes were examined.Parametric data for inflammatory response were compared between groups by analysis of variances and between each group in time by paired samples t-test. Results:The inflammatory response was observed more intense in the tongue than the subcutaneous tissue of the mice. All test materials caused moderate to severe inflammation at 24 hours; after 48 hours the intensity was rated as mild to moderate.Comparative statistical analysis revealed that the inflammatory response to sodium hypochlorite 1%,3% and chlorhexidine 0,12%,0,2% was not significant whereas the inflammatory response to sodium hypochlorite 5,25% in comparison with all other groups was statistical significant. Conclusions:According to our results related to cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine it is suggested that chlorhexidine may be a very useful substitute or a complement to sodium hypochlorite during irrigation.

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