Objectives: Interleukin (IL)-8 considered as pro-inflammatory cytokine provides recruitment of neutrophils to inflammation region. IL-8 production is inhibited by IL-4, IL-10 known as anti-inflammatory cytokines. To define the effect of relation among IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 on the inflammatory response of gingiva we aimed to search the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10. Methods: 28 adult periodontitis (AP), 20 early-onset periodontitis (EOP), 24 gingivitis patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals participated to the study. From periodontitis patients GCF samples were taken preoperatively and gingival tissue samples were obtained during surgeries. In gingivitis group GCF samples were taken before and after initial treatment. GCF IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 levels (total amount, concentration) and gingival tissue IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 levels were determined by ELISA. Results: In AP group IL-4 GCF levels were found significantly lower than EOP, gingivitis, control groups; in EOP group IL-4 levels were also significantly lower than gingivitis and control groups; in gingivitis group IL-4 levels were significantly lower than control group. IL-10 GCF levels in AP and EOP groups were significantly lower than gingivitis group. In addition IL-10 concentration level in gingivitis group was significantly lower than control group. IL-8 GCF total amount in gingivitis group was significantly higher than AP, EOP and control groups. IL-8 GCF concentration levels in AP, EOP groups were significantly lower than gingivitis, control groups. IL-4 tissue level in control group was significantly higher than AP, EOP groups. IL-10 tissue level in AP group was significantly higher than EOP group. IL-8 tissue level in control group was significantly higher than AP, EOP groups. After initial treatment in gingivitis group IL-4, IL-10 GCF levels increased but IL-8 GCF total amount decreased significantly. Conclusions: Our results indicated that IL-4, IL-10 may play important role in tissue destruction mechanisms of periodontal diseases.

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