Objective: Transforming growth factor-b₁(TGF-b₁),a multifunctional cytokine with pleiotropic properties, has significant effects on regulation of the host responses seen in periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) TGF-b₁in patients with different forms of periodontal disease. Methods: TGF-b₁levels were investigated in GCF samples of 32 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 15 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP),9 patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (L-AgP), 10 patients with gingivitis (G) and 11 periodontally healthy subjects (H). Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, clinical attachment loss and by dichotomous measurement of plaque and bleeding on probing. The TGF-b₁levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were expressed in terms of total amount (pg/sample) and concentration (pg/ml). Results: CP, G-AgP, L-AgP and G groups had elevated GCF TGF-b₁total amount compared to H group but the differences did not reach to statistically significance (p>0.005). Among the patient groups G-AgP group had the highest GCF TGF-b₁total amount, followed by L-AgP, CP and G group. No significant correlation was found between GCF TGF-b₁levels and clinical parameters. Conclusions: The results of the present study likely supports the hypothesis that TGF-b₁regulates immune and inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues. Changes in the levels of this cytokine may indicate that TGF-b₁is one of the cytokines that contributes to the pathogenesis of severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis.

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