Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the three-body wear resistance of human enamel, dental ceramics and different gold alloys. Methods: A sample size of at least 8 specimens for each material was abraded in the ACTA wear machine. The test materials included 1) human enamel, 2) a high fusing porcelain (Omega 900), 3) a low fusing porcelain (Ducera Gold), two heat-pressable ceramics, 4) Empress I and 5) Evision, 6) a veneering material (Eris), 7) a zirconia ceramic (Lava Frame), 8) a type 2 gold alloy (Altaloy C2), two type 3 alloys 9) Orplid PF and 10) Portadur IN, 11) and 12) two type 4 alloys (Bio Heranorm and Degudent U). Each wheel immersed in a milled seed suspension underwent 200,000 cycles.The amount of abraded material was measured by a 3D-laser scanner and evaluated by 3D data analysis. Results: After 200,000 cycles enamel demonstrated a wear rate of 16,6 µm. Ceramic materials showed a median wear ranging form 1,4 µm for Empress I to 4,0 µm for Evision. The gold alloys were abraded in a range from 27,7 µm for Degudent U to 44,1 µm for Portadur IN. The three-body wear resistance of all dental materials differed significantly from enamel (p =< 0,001). All ceramics were statistically significant less abraded than the gold alloys (p<0.001). Within the gold alloys Portadur IN showed the highest abrasion (p<0.001), whereas the other gold alloys did not differ significantly after 200,000 cycles (p-values between 0.60 and 0.82). Conclusion: Three-body wear of ceramics is significantly lower compared to human enamel and gold alloys. The hardness of gold alloys did not correlate with three-body abrasion behavior. For further evaluations of the wear characteristics of alloys and ceramics the measurements should be supplemented by two-body abrasion tests.

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