Recent studies of pulpotomy and direct pulp capping using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), especially BMP-2, -4 and -7 (OP-1), in the teeth of rats, dogs and primates, have given evidence of the participation of BMP in the mechanism for inducing and biologically producing dentin. Objectives: This study had the aim of observing painful reactions and signs of clinical and radiographic pathological alterations in human deciduous teeth, and of histologically examining the pulp tissue, after the use of human recombinant BMP-2 in a collagen scaffold from Künzel Biomaterials. Methods: Five deciduous teeth from children aged between five and ten years, for which pulpotomy had been indicated, were utilized. After radiography and anesthesia, the tooth was isolated, antisepsis using 1% chlorhexidine was performed, the top was removed from the pulp chamber and pulpotomy and hemostasis were performed. The rhBMP-2 was placed in the chamber, on a base of gutta-percha, and the tooth was restored using composite resin. These patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for twelve months. In two teeth that exfoliated, histological examinations were performed (H.E.). Results: After these twelve months, 100% clinical and radiographic success was seen, since no abnormality was detected. On the histological sections, areas of inflammation, pulp necrosis and internal reabsorption, and also the formation of tissue resembling osteodentin in the radicular portion, were observed. Conclusions: From analysis of this follow-up, it could be concluded that the absence of symptomatology and clinical and radiographic alterations suggests that rhBMP-2 is a material with inductive properties that should be further investigated so that it may become a future alternative for pulpotomy treatment.