Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 is a major proteolytic enzyme that can cleave native interstitial collagens type I and type III. A polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP-1 gene was reported and the allele 2G has been associated with the increased transcription of the MMP-1 gene and increased enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease, MMP-1-1607 polymorphism, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 levels in a Turkish population. Methods: A total of 180 subjects without systemic diseases were included in this study. Clinical parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, gingival index, and tooth mobility were recorded. The participants were divided into “healthy”, “mild to moderate”, and “severe periodontitis” groups. Levels of GCF MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were analyzed with ELISA. Polymorphism of MMP-1-1607 was genotyped using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: Analysis of polymorphism revealed no differences in the distribution of the MMP-1 -1607 genotypes among the “healthy”, “mild to moderate periodontitis” and “severe periodontitis” subjects (p>0.05). The total amounts of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were not different among groups (p>0.05), but there was a tendency to increase in the amount of MMP-1 with the severity of periodontal disease (p=0.07). There were no significant differences in GCF MMP-1, TIMP-1 levels among subjects with “1G/1G”, “1G/2G”, “2G/2G” genotypes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our results, there was no significant association between MMP-1 -1607 polymorphism and susceptibility to periodontitis. MMP-1-1607 polymorphism did not seem to predominantly affect GCF MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels. Other potential loci should also be screened to uncover the exact role of the genetic effects on the regulation of MMP-1 enzyme activities.

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