Calcium compounds are the main inorganic component in materials used in bone reconstruction. In spite the variety of commercial products, there is not one that fits with all requirements. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the histological response after subcutaneous implantation of composite materials composed by poly(lactic acid) (PLA) added with synthetic(SCC) and natural calcium carbonate (NCC) in subcutaneous tissue of rat model. Methods: Probes were prepared by mixing PLA and SCC or NCC at room temperature and placed in silicone patterns. They were sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Cylinders of PLA, PLA/SCC, PLA/NCC and NCC were subcutaneously implanted in 20 young adult Wistar rats during 7 14, 21 and 28 days. Tissue blocks were recovered by dissecting tissue around implanted materials and fixed with formalin at 10% for histological procedure, in order to obtain sections of 6 microns stained with Hematoxilin-Eosin, and observed at 10X and 40X in a Photomicroscope. Following Inflammatory cells were determined: Neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL-N), monocytes (Mo), macrophages (M), multinuclear giant cells (MNGC), plasmatic cells (PC) and type of inflammatory response(IR) as recommended by 41 specification of American Dental Association for biocompatibility tests. Results: In samples of 7 and 14 days PMNL, and macrophages were the predominant cells associated with acute inflammation; at 21 days abundant fibroblastic activity and few chronic inflammatory cells were seen. At 28 days, a capsule of connective tissue and few macrophages were observed. Conclusion: Sites implanted with composite materials trend to heal forming connective capsule. Work granted by DGAPA-UNAM, IN-121205 Project

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