Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two modern self-etching dentin bonding agents on human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: Primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to different dilutions of Adper Prompt L-Pop(3MESPE, USA) and AdheSE(Primer & Bond)(Vivadent, Lichtenstien) in uncured and cured mode. The uncured materials were dissolved in 96º ethanol and diluted with Phosphate Buffer Solution, added in culture medium to obtain various dilutions (10^-7-10^-1). In cured mode, the adhesives were cured and eluted with culture medium for 48 hrs. The extraction media were then diluted with the culture medium at 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10. Cytotoxicity were analyzed following 20, 300 sec and 24 hrs treatment in uncured and 24 and 48 hrs treatment in cured mode using MTT, cell counting and DNA condensation assays. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post test. Results: In uncured mode, AdheSE Bond was the most cytotoxic compared to Adper Prompt L-Pop and AdheSE Primer with 20 sec treatment at 10^-3 dilution (P<0.05), but after 300 sec Adper Prompt L-Pop showed more toxicity than AdheSE Bond (P>0.05) and AdheSE Primer (P<0.05). At 24 hrs treatment, the first toxic dilution was 10^-4 and AdheSE Bond was the most cytotoxic among tested materials (P<0.001). In cured mode, MTT assay revealed that AdheSE was more cytotoxic than Adper Prompt L-Pop; however, results from cell counting indicate Adper Prompt L-Pop more toxic than AdheSE. In DNA condensation assay apoptosis was present in less than 5% of total death in both cured and uncured adhesives. Conclusion: Tested materials were cytotoxic to the human gingival fibroblasts and the cytotoxicity is related to material, dilution, time of exposure and curing. It would be necessary to identify the toxic ingredients of these materials and replace by more biocompatible components.

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