Objectives: Recently, dental implant therapy was well developed in the clinical use. However, there are few scientific evaluation methods for dental implants. In this study, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) based on impact technology was tested for dental implant stability detection in vivo. Methods: Eight volunteers were treated with 15 3i System implants placed in dentulous bone or extraction sites. Each implant was measured for primary stability with RFA device based on impact technology at implant placement, after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: The clinical implant survival rate was 80% for the total population. According to the initial stability, the implants were divided into stable (initial RF value larger than 9 kHz) and unstable (initial RF value less than 9 kHz) groups. In the stable group, the initial RF values ranged from 9.0 kHz to 13.5 kHz, and all reach a plateau at an average value of 13.57±0.68 kHz after eight weeks healing. In the unstable group, the averaged initial RF value was 3.86±1.04 kHz. In this group, the RF values of success implants increased along with the healing period with a RF increasing rate of 99.8±38.0%. However, the RF increasing rate of failed implants significantly decreased (p<0.05) to a value of -0.1±10.0% (ranged from 7.0% to -0.7%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the changes of RFA with the time increasing. The initial RFA value larger than 10 kHz suggested to be a reference to connect to prosthodontic procedure after 12 weeks. The data also demonstrated that the development of RFA using impact technology provides the clinician with a quant of implant stability as a reference to assess or monitor the suitable conditions for implantation.

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