Aims and objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) a chronic, progressive premalignant condition of the oral mucosa, associated with areca nut chewing is common in India and South East Asia. Proliferative and apoptotic markers that are useful in evaluating the malignant transformation potential of premalignant lesions have been widely reported, but very little data exists for OSF. The present study was done to address this lacuna.

Materials and methods:OSF(n=50), normals(n=10) and oral cancers(OC, n=10) patients attending RDC hospital, Chennai, S.India were biopsied. Tissues were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining for p53, Ki-67, bax and bcl2 was done. Cytoplasmic staining was assessed as(-, +, ++ and  +++). Nuclear staining was quantified using labeling index (LI) =  Number of positive cells  X 100

                                                                    Number of cells           

Statistically analysis was done with SPSS 10.0.5^ā package.

Results:

 p53 (DO7)  & Ki-67 (MIB) LI

Group	p53		Ki-67
	Positive%	mean±SD	Positive%	mean±SD
Normal(n=10)	10	7.1	100	5.1±3.1
OSF(n=50)	66	35.1±2.8	100	19.1±7.6
Cancer(n=10)	100	75.6±6.8	100	29.1±8.8

Bax Percentage positivity for bax was 80, 76 and 100 in normals, OSF and OC respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups.  When the intensity was compared normals and OSF showed a statistically significant difference from OC(p=0.02 & p=0.02 respectively).

Bcl2 In the normals none of the epithelium was positive for bcl2 while one case exhibited isolated positivity in OSF and OC.

Conclusion:

The mean labeling of p53 and Ki-67 was significantly higher in OC compared to OSF and normals(p=0.00).  In bax, when the intensity of staining between basal and suprabasal layer was compared the normal and OSF showed a statistically significant difference(p=0.02 & p=0.02 respectively) from OC.

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