Various methods of oxidizing titanium have been proposed as intermediate steps for creating a biomimetic titanium implant surface. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the surface energy changes that accompany oxidation treatments and RGD peptide attachment to titanium. The quantity of attached RGD on the treated titanium surfaces was also determined. Methods: Titanium surfaces were treated as follows, A. Passivation in Nitric acid, B. Heat in air at 400^oC for 1 hour, C. Immersion in a solution containing 8.8 M H₂O₂ / 0.1M HCl at 80^oC for 30 mins and D. Treated as in C then heated at 400^oC for one hour. RGD was attached to a second set of titanium samples treated as in A-D after a silane treatment. Components of surface energy, dispersive (g^d) and polar (g^p) as well as the acid (g ⁺) and base (g ^-) characteristics were determined using the Wilhemy plate method. Advancing and receding contact angles were determined using a stage motor speed of 100mm/sec. Three standard solutions were used for surface energy determinations on six disc shaped samples and an average of three determinations were made of each surface. Surface energy was determined before and after silane tratement and chemical attachment of an RGD peptide. Peptide attachment was determined using a Elisa assay. Results: For all surface treatments, silane treatment and peptide attachment led to a significant (p<0.5) reduction in surface energy. Peptide attachment was highest for titanium oxidized in 8.8 M H₂O₂ / 0.1M HCl at 80^oC for 30 mins and lowest on samples that were heated to 400^oC. Conclusion: The quantity of peptide attached does not show a correlation with surface energy. Supported by NIDCR grant DE12345. mantefk@pobox.upenn.edu

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