Introduction: Maxillary total denture users in opposition to the mandibular removable partial denture arch present specific clinical signs which are called Combination Syndrome (CS). This syndrome is potentially destructive to the support structures and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Objectives: After the Ethics Committee approval (Process nº 1477/2003), the present study evaluated the prevalence of the CS in 33 patients submitted to treatment with mandibular removable partial denture, at Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba – UNESP, Brazil. Methods: For this, the clinical exam was directed to detect the CS signs: bone resorption of maxillary anterior edge, overgrowth of tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia in the hard palate, extrusion of mandibular anterior teeth, and bone resorption under the removable partial denture base. The clinical data were correlated with the presence or absense of craniomandibular disorder (CMD), and submitted to the descritive statistic analysis. Results: The results showed that no patient presented all the signs (84.85%) and 15.15% presented only one sign. 10.71% did not present any CMD degree, 50% presented light CMD degree, 32.14% presented moderate CMD degree and 7.14% with severe CMD degree. Conclusion: No patient presented the CS with the 5 signs. However, all the patients presented the signs isolated or partially grouped, with 89% presenting some CMD degree.

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