In the last years, investigators have been seeking to comprehend the effectiveness of laser application in periodontal therapy, since it seems to have a high clinical predictability and it is welcome for the patients. Objective: we intend to evaluate the clinical efficiency of Nd:YAG laser with and without antiseptic substances in not surgical periodontal therapy by using PCR real time methodologies. Methods: to verify the bactericidal ability of Nd:YAG laser therapy, the total bacterial amount and the presence of some important microbiota involved in periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia) are analyzed by molecular method. Traditional laboratory methods used in periodontal diagnosis cannot completely satisfy the clinician because the metabolic characteristics of these bacteria rends either difficult or impossible the performance of the diagnostic tests. We use a molecular biology's methodology to identify microbiological findings: PCR Real-Time method, which has a high specifity and a high sensibility in a plaque sample (sensibility=10 cells). We also recorded clinical periodontal index (GI, PPD, CAL). Microbiological and clinical finding are recorded before the therapy and after 4 weeks. We compared the clinical efficiency of full-mouth scaling and root planing by itself in a group of 10 patients and of full-mouth ultrasonic periodontal debridment and laser irradiation with antiseptic substances (0.2% clorexidine and 10 vol. H2O2) in a second group of 10 patients matched with first group. Results: we identify the bacterial modifications and the clinical modifications of both groups. The best results are showed by ultrasonic debridment and laser irradiation with antiseptic irrigation protocol, in term either of clinical and microbiological findings (all bacterial species evaluated was erased from test sites). Conclusions: the laser therapy with subgingival ultrasonic debridment and antiseptic substances has a synergic and amplifying action, then having a considerable importance in the periodontal therapy.

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