Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Carisolv™ and different auxiliary chemical substances in smear layer (SL) removal. Methods: Sample consisted of 40 fragments (hemi-disks of bovine root dentin with 3mm diameter each) , where SL was produced in the center of each fragment with a spherical drill #2 in low rotation. This sample was randomly divided to 4 groups (G), according to the accomplished treatment: GI (control) - 10 ml of 0.9% saline solution; GII - 10 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite solution + 10 ml of 0.9% saline solution; GIII - Carisolv™ + 10 ml of 0.9% saline solution; GIV - 10 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite solution + 10 ml of 10% citric acid solution + 10 ml of 0.9% saline solution. Fragments were analyzed in Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and the photomicrographs were coded, according to the following criteria: 0 - absence of SL; 1 - moderate SL; 2 - dense SL, with visible dentin tubules; 3 - dense SL , without visualization of the tubules. Results: It could be verified that the solutions used in GIV were more effective in the total or partial removal of the SL, when compared to GI, GII and GIII (p<0,01). It should be noticed that GI and GIII obtained score 3 in 100% of the samples (p>0,01). Conclusions: It can be concluded that hypochlorite, citric acid and saline solutions, when used together, presented better performance in the removal of SL when compared to the use of pure saline solution, associated to Carisolv™ or to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution.

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