Objectives: Resin adhesive systems have been improved, and simplified the pretreatment method. New all-in-one resin adhesive systems, etching, priming and bonding, in single procedure have been developed recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the resin-dentin interface formed by one-step resin adhesive systems under SEM observation. Methods: Coronal dentin surfaces of extracted human molars were polished with a series of SiC paper to 800 grit. The polished dentin surface was partially coated with an etching protector belt-likely, in order to investigate the position of the hybrid layer relative to the untreated dentin surface. Dentin specimens were treated by 3 systems, Touch & Bond; TB (Sunmedical), One-up Bond F; OB (Tokuyama), Xeno CF Bond; XE (Sankin Dentsply), and 2 experimental systems, EXL-547; BA, EXM-618; AN (3M ESPE) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Those specimens were sectioned vertically to the resin-dentin interface and polished with aluminum polishing powder. The polished specimens were treated with 10% hypochlorite solution and then observed under FE-SEM (Hitachi S-4000). Results: The mean values of the thickness of the hybrid layer were OB; 0.78(0.12), BA; 0.80(0.11), TB; 0.89(0.12), XE; 1.71(0.20), AN; 2.14(0.13)mm(SD). There were significant differences in the thickness of the hybrid layer among AN, XE and OB, BA, TB at p<0.01(ANOVA and q-test). The thickness of the hybrid layer varied with the adhesive systems. Conclusions: It could be considered that the properties of all-in-one adhesive systems, i.e., decalcification, permeation, have influenced on the resin-dentin interface.

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