Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic changes in the perimplantar tissues around one-stage implants with different smooth neck portion lengths previous and after functional prosthetic loading. Methods: Twelve one-stage implants were placed in adult patients with bilateral edentulous posterior mandibular ridges. The sites were randomly assigned into group I: treated with 2.8 mm smooth neck portion implants (n=6) and group II: treated with 1.8 mm smooth neck portion implants (n=6). The parameters Plaque Index (PlI), Bleeding Index (BI), Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Margin Level (GML), relative Clinical Attachment Level (r-CAL) and Optic Density (OD) were measured in the loading (4 months) and 12 months after implant placement. The radiographic parameter Osseous Level (OL) was measured in the implant placement, in the loading and 12 months after. Analysis of variance and the paired Student-t test were applied to detect difference over time and between groups. Results: The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for both groups between the evaluation periods for PD, r-CAL and OL. There were significant differences between groups I and II (P < 0.05) for r-CAL, however, no significant differences were found for PlI, BI, PD, GML, OD and OL. Conclusion: Bony loss occurred previous loading to support the soft tissues and maintain the biologic width irrespective of the smooth portion length.

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