Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the apical leakage of RoekoSeal and AH26 root canal sealers in the presence or absence of smear layer. Methods: A total of 80 teeth with single straight root canals were used. The teeth were prepared to a size #40 with ProFile 0.06 taper rotary NiTi files in a crown-down manner and then were divided randomly into four groups of 20 teeth each. Two groups were treated with 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl to remove the smear layer (Smear -), the other two groups left with smear layer (Smear +). The groups were prepared using lateral condensation technique of gutta percha as follows: Group 1: RoekoSeal (Smear +), Group 2: RoekoSeal (Smear -), Group 3: AH26 (Smear +), Group 4: AH26 (Smear -). A fluid filtration method was used for quantitatively evaluation of apical leakage. The quality of the seal of each specimen was measured after 1 week. Measurements of fluid movement were made at 2 minute intervals for 8 minutes. The fluid flow rate was calculated as Lp%. Results: The mean (± SD) of leakage in Lp% for groups are: Group 1: 0.676x10^-4 ± 0.470x10^-4, Group 2: 0.373x10^-4 ± 0.250x10^-4, Group 3: 0.730x10^-4 ± 0.353x10^-4 and Group 4: 0.511x10^-4 ± 0.260x10^-4 µL/min.cm².cmH₂O. There was no statistically significant difference in leakage among the tested root canal sealers (p>0.05). Significantly more leakage was observed in the smear layered group when compared the samples without smear layer regardless the root canal sealer (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that, removal of smear layer from root canal dentin before using AH26 or RoekoSeal sealers decrease apical leakage.

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