The use of EDTA (ethilenediaminetetracetic acid) has been proposed to remove smear layer, endotoxins, block epithelial cell migration and favor collagen fibers exposure. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to access, using scanning electron microscopy, smear layer removal during hand and ultrasonic instrumentation associated with EDTA (24% pH 7,0) application for different time periods (30 seconds to 2 minutes) using a customized tip, which outlet was located in its extremity. Methods: Thirty-six human maxillary and mandibular molars presenting class II or class III furcation and indicated for extraction were used. Three independent examiners, previously calibrated, classified the microphotographs according to a smear layer removal index. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the non parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p£ 0,05). Results: The group IV had an average rank of 6,5; which furcations were irrigated with EDTA for 2 minutes. From the results it may be concluded: Conclusions: 1- Root surface biomodificaton using EDTA led to a significant smear layer removal ; 2- Irrigation with EDTA 24%, through a ultrasonic customized tip, showed to be efficient in smear layer removal in inaccessible furcation areas; 3- The irrigation with EDTA FOR 2 minutes was more efficient in smear layer removal than the irrigation for 30 seconds or successive irrigations of 30 seconds. Supported by CNPQ. zuleneferreira@netsite.com.br

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