Objective: To evaluate various facial angles of Caucasian patients from lateral cephalograms, according to age, gender, and malocclusion. Methods: Group 1 included 193 Class I individuals divided by gender and age (42 male/40 female children 6-9 years, 43 male/39 female adolescents 13-16 years, 19 male/10 female adults 23-29 years). Group two included 338 individuals 10-16 years old divided by gender and malocclusion (60 male/67 female Class I, 37 male/35 female Class II-1, 33 male/44 female Class II-2, 29 male/33 female Class III). Glabella-soft tissue pogonion (Gl-Pog') was compared to soft tissue nasion-pogonion (N'-Pog') and facial plane (N-Pog) using cranial base (SN) and Frankfort horizontal (FH). Student t-tests (p=0.05) and Student-Neuman-Keuls tests were used to analyze the data. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences in either group. In Group 1, all 3 angles to FH were different by age (p<0.001), but angles to SN were not different (p>0.05) for children and adolescents. Mean FH measurements were 10° higher compared to SN, while mean N'-Pog'/FH was 3° higher than N-Pog/FH, with differences to Gl-Pog'/FH at 1°. This was true for both groups. The mean N'-Pog'/FH was 89.9°±3.2 for children, 91.6°±3.5 for adolescents, and 93.6°±3.0 for adults. In Group 2, Class III malocclusions had statistically higher (p<0.001) values among all 6 angles, with Class I and II not different. N'Pog'/FH was unique with Class I and II-2 not different, while Class II-1 and II-2 were not different. The mean N'-Pog'/FH for Class III from 10-16 years was 93.6°±3.4, compared to 91.4°±3.4 for Class I, 90.4°±3.4 for II-2, and 90.1°±3.1 for II-1. Conclusions: Soft tissue facial angles were greater than hard tissue angles by 3°, Gl angles by 1°, and FH angles were greater than SN angles by 10°. Funding by: J.Dean Robertson Society.

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